Jwst Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered that the blurry sky over frozen Pluto helps cool the dwarf planet atmosphere, while at the same time a methane and other organic molecules are given a kick from the Pluto atmosphere, where it is then assembled by Rafik Pluto, Charun.
Fog was predicted in 2017 by the world of planetary Shi Chang from the University of California, Santa Cruz, to explain the reason for the slave leakage. According to measurements from the new spacecraft in NASA, which led to the past Pluto and Charron in 2015, the world of planets will be hurt at the Observatory of Loile in Arizona that Joe Pluto loses 1.3 kg (2.9 pounds) from methane to space every second, and about 2.5 % of chemicals. Elsewhere in the solar system, we see an atmosphere leaking on a adjacent body.
The reason for this escape in the atmosphere was not known, but Zhang caused that if the Pluto atmosphere contains a layer of fog, this fog will absorb the extreme Ultraviolet light from the distant sunlight that reaches Pluto, providing energy to give the molecules they need to escape into space.
Besides heating the fog molecules in the atmosphere so that they could escape, Zhang also realized that fog could have a cooling effect on the Pluto-an effect that was previously discovered in the Mysivir Pluto, which is the third layer of atmosphere over a troposphier that is not actually present.
The Mysivir Pluto was found between 20 km and 40 km (from 12.4 to 24.9 miles) and reaches a maximum temperature of 163 ° C (110 km/minus 262 degrees Fahrenheit) before cooling at a rate of 0.2 ° C per kilometer, to the minimum of km. 334 degrees Wow).
The problem was that yet, no fog has been discovered on Pluto. Then it came along the jwst.
Zhang had expected that any cooling in the atmosphere driven by a layer of fog would lead to thermal emission in medium -infrared wavelengths. Mid-infrared emissions were discovered from the Pluto-Charun system before, as it returned to the infrared space observatory in Europe in 1997, Wilsb Sepzer in NASA in 2004, and set Europe for space in 2012. Distinguish between Pluto and Sharon. So, Zhang, as part of a team led by Tanguy Bertrand from Observatoire de Paris, has the use of JWST to detect infrared emissions from long fog.
“We use the term” fog “to describe the layers of solid atmosphere suspended in an atmosphere. “This aerosols spread light and reduce vision, and form a common and similar layer.”
Pluto atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, with samidan of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons such as methane, gasoline, cycyline and hydrogen. This is exceptionally thin. The surface pressure is only 13 ومر m microbar, compared to the ground pressure of about 1 bar. (One of the barin is equivalent to a million micropar.) Because of the low weight in Pluto, the upper atmosphere extends away from the surface, through several Bluto’s radius (the Blloot radius is 1,188.3 km, or 737 miles). All particles need a slight payment to send them to rotate from the air, and the energy to give them these incentives comes from the sun.
“A large part of the extreme solar UV rays is absorbed by the upper atmosphere, which leads to heating that indicates the loss of mass in the atmosphere,” said Bertrand. “Weather gases such as nitrogen and methane are responsible for absorbing radiation in these wavelengths.”
But how can fog can cause heating and cooling in the atmosphere?
“Cooling or heating depends on the properties of fog, such as the size of particles, shape, and composition-ice with hydrocarbon ice or non-device-which is not well known,” said Bertrand. “We are currently investigating this with the latest microbial physics [i.e., on the scale of atoms and molecules] Models. “
The ability of fog to cool or heat the atmosphere means that it controls energy balance in the atmosphere of Pluto, which affects global temperatures, air cycle and the climate that passes on the cold dwarf planet. This climate system dominates cycles of sublimation and freezing of molecular nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, many of which descend from deep ice rivers in Plantia Sputnik, a heart -shaped feature on the surface of the dwarf planet.
Zhang described this energy balance in detail. “Based on the New Horizon temperature notes from 2015, we found that heating the gas greatly exceeded gas,” he said. “Therefore, there is a clear radiological heating in the air. To maintain energy balance under these circumstances, fog must provide the necessary net radioactive cooling. But it is still unclear whether the fog has a net cooling effect during other seasons, where Pluto seasons vary greatly!”
These “seasons” differ completely due to the lengthy orbit of Pluto, which takes them from closer to the sun from Neptune to nearly twice. Even here, in the depths of the solar system, this difference in the distance significantly affects the amount of heating that Pluto receives.
Pluto fog is like fog rich in hydrocarbon on Saturn Titan. Both antis are caused by optical chemistry of extreme solar UV light that interact with molecules such as nitrogen and methane. Even early Earth, before the appearance of an oxygen enriched atmosphere more than 2.4 billion years ago, may have fog of hydrocarbons in the face of Pluto, albeit more intense. Thus, understanding the Pluto Joe can teach us something about the beginnings of our planet.
The new study was published in Nature Astronomy on June 2
