Our gut and brain are closely connected. The complex network of nerves and microbes in our gut, also known as the “gut brain” or “second brain,” influences our mood, cognition, and behavior. Communication between the intestine and the brain takes place via electrical wiring (autonomic nerve fibers) and transmitting substances such as neurotransmitters and hormones 1. Intestinal bacteria secrete a huge amount of signaling substances, including serotonin and dopamine, which enter our brain through the bloodstream and influence our state of mind. 23.
The intestinal microbiota, which is composed of different microorganisms, has a profound impact on our physical and mental health.
These microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, have co-evolved with humans and outnumbered our own cells. Collectively known as the “microbiome,” they contribute to various aspects of our well-being, such as digestion, metabolism and immunity.
Recent research has shown that our gut microbiota can also influence our brains and behavior via the gut-brain axis. The microorganisms in our gut can produce molecules that transmit signals to neurons, regulate brain activity, and influence cognition and emotional states.
Understanding this complex relationship between our gut and our brain could lead to new treatments for mental illness. Although more research is needed, interventions such as probiotics and dietary changes show promise in modifying the gut microbiota and improving mental health.
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